I’m sure many of you were expecting ANOTHER version of the Christmas Tree puzzle from the last two weeks. I mean, I did get a very nice Double Back from Robert Vollmert (which cannot be confused as a Star Battle or a LITS). But posting such a puzzle wouldn’t be a surprise.

No, today’s Sunday Surprise comes from the pile of submissions I’ve received over the year from Hans van Stippent, who played with the usual rules of Skyscrapers a bit by hiding some of the cells from consideration. It yielded a very interesting puzzle which is Hans’ gift to you this Sunday.

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Theme: New Variation/Logic

Rules: Standard Sudoku rules. Also, standard Skyscrapers rules. Additionally, the cells in gray are “underground” and cannot be seen for any of the outside skyscraper clues (think of them as starting with a negative sign if necessary). As an example, the 4 in row 2 refers only to seeing four buildings in columns 3 through 7, even if there is a 9 in column 1 or column 2 as that 9 cannot be seen.

Answer String: Enter the 1st row from left to right, followed by a comma, followed by the 9th row from left to right.

Solution: PDF

PDF

or solve online (using our beta test of Penpa-Edit tools; use tab to alternate between Number entry mode and a shading mode to help track complete clues.)

Theme: Clue Symmetry, and Very Hard WPC Practice

Rules: Variation of Sudoku. Place integers from -4 to 4 into each cell so that each row, column, and region contains each integer from -4 to 4 exactly once. The numbers outside the grid represent the sum of all integers between that clue and the zero in that row/column. Some cells inside the grid already contain an integer but no sign is given. It is part of the puzzle to determine if these values are positive or negative. An example using -2 to 2 from the WPC instructions is here.

Answer String: Enter the numbers (ignoring sign) from left to right in the marked rows, separating each row with a comma (eg “123401234,431023412”).

Time Standards (highlight to view): Grandmaster = 10:00, Master = 16:00, Expert = 32:00

Solution: PDF

PDF

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Theme: Surprise Sudoku

Rules: Standard Sudoku rules. Also, there is a mystery rule that must be determined by looking at the example at the top of the puzzle.

Answer String: Enter the 1st row from left to right, followed by a comma, followed by the 9th row from left to right.

Time Standards (highlight to view): Grandmaster = 6:15, Master = 8:30, Expert = 17:00

Solution: PDF

Editorial Note: While this is an original sudoku for GM Puzzles, this particular “surprise” gimmick from Serkan first appeared on the SudokuCup 10 test with a different puzzle.

Here are the final puzzles from the US Sudoku Qualifying Test that I wrote. Both are less common types. Tomorrow will finally bring some new puzzles, and I hope some surprises too.

The first of this set, a “Seek-and-Spell” variant, is a style that took on a life of its own on this website a few months ago as more and more constructors kept submitting it. I wanted a very United States sort of puzzle somewhere on this test and found a good letter set to get 5 states into this grid. I wanted OHIO from the start as an easy Seek-and-Spell rule placement. But the value of states like MONTANA and INDIANA became clear during construction. This may have been the only case on the test where some non-sudoku logic puzzling skill would really accelerate the solve as the Seek-and-Spell placements are quite limited and getting them fixed makes the rest much easier.

The second of this set is a style I first created for a Czech/US Sudoku Championship several years ago and one that I keep bringing out every year typically for championship season. It is one of the easier styles construction-wise to get started with creative themes as it does not take a lot of digits in either grid before the linked cells really start to force the solve. But occasionally getting both grids to behave by the end can be hard. Here, my seeds were two different styles of basic step in the two grids. And after finding the linked regions, consistently ping-ponging between the two puzzles to get to the end. It is another of my favorites on this test.

Not posted this week were the great submissions from Wei-Hwa Huang. This year I gave him a sketch of the styles I wanted and he delivered in a large way. For example, I had a basic concept to play with Binary in a 6×6 grid with missing digits much like the Indian GP test had a play on this with Braille. Wei-Hwa took it farther than I did though with 0-7 and three bits being a perfect choice and his example and test puzzle were both quite fun. The Property Sudoku also had quite an elegant solve and his Diagonal had a good, but fair, challenge.

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Theme: United States

Rules: Standard Sudoku rules except that instead of the numbers 1-9 this puzzle uses the letters ADEHIMNOT. Also, clues in the grid represent typical “Seek and Spell/Kanaore” clues; specifically, it must be possible to read each of the words/phrases listed below the grid by starting at the indicated number, moving one cell in the direction indicated by the arrow, and then continuing to move one cell at a time up, down, left, or right to complete the word/phrase. No cell may be used more than once in a single path, but the same cell can appear in the paths of different words/phrases.

Answer String: For the USSQT, the answer strings were a set of rows/columns encountered late in the puzzle. For this week, you can just hit the solved button on an honor system if you think you’ve solved it.

Solution: PDF

PDF

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Theme: Logical

Rules: Standard Sudoku rules for each of the two grids. There are three shaded regions in each grid. The shaded regions must exactly match between the puzzles, but which shaded regions correspond to which must be discovered.

Answer String: For the USSQT, the answer strings were a set of rows/columns encountered late in the puzzle. For this week, you can just hit the solved button on an honor system if you think you’ve solved it.

Solution: PDF

Two more from the US Sudoku Qualifying Test in May.

The first, a Tile Sudoku, is a pattern I’ve used before but not in my recent GMPuzzles series of Tile Sudoku. Like almost every single one of these Tile Sudoku, there are “meta-constraints” forced by the geometry change that make the solve easier. First, all the 2×2 squares form a 1-9 set, which is not that hard to prove. But did you notice that each 1×3 rectangle made out of a 1×2 + 1×1 cell is part of a triplet of such rectangles that will contain the digits XY, YZ, and ZX? Because each of these 12 groups of linked 1×3 rectangles need at least one given placed into them, this 16 given puzzle is pretty close to minimal for the geometry. This puzzle’s goal was to have a clean 1-8 clock in one of the two symmetric groups, and then a choice of the remaining digits to leave a non-trivial solve even if solvers know about some of the hidden groups.

The second puzzle – Dynasty Sudoku – was a newer style for me. It’s an idea I’ve had in the back of my head to use a lot in a kind of follow-up to Mutant Sudoku. But I had not put it to paper before Adam R. Wood debuted it on the 2011 USPC. Of course his grid needed irregular regions and a 12×12 size to get a lot out of the dynasty rule. I challenged myself to make an interesting 9×9 puzzle with regular regions that still required several deductions based on not closing off the white spaces and I think I succeeded with this puzzle.

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Theme: Pattern in regions and digits

Rules: Standard Tile Sudoku rules.

Answer String: For the USSQT, the answer strings were a set of rows/columns encountered late in the puzzle. For this week, you can just hit the solved button on an honor system if you think you’ve solved it.

Solution: PDF

PDF

or solve online (using our beta test of Penpa-Edit tools; use tab to alternate between Sudoku number entry mode and a shading mode to mark the black squares.)

Theme: Logical

Rules: Variation of Sudoku rules. Place the digits 1 through 7 and two black cells in each row, column, and 3×3 region. Additionally, the black cells do not touch each other on the edges, and the white cells must form a single connected region.

Answer String: For the USSQT, the answer strings were a set of rows/columns encountered late in the puzzle. For this week, you can just hit the solved button on an honor system if you think you’ve solved it.

Solution: PDF

Two more from the US Sudoku Qualifying Test in May — both geometric departures from regular sudoku.

As I consider the 2012 Irregular on the USSQT one of my best puzzles from that year, it was obviously going to be a challenge to do as well this time around. I felt the puzzle below was an adequate follow-up but certainly not as good as last year’s. The solve is meant to take advantage of the slightly irregular spacing of 1-6 in the patterned middle with the extra 7’s and 8’s giving a single solution. Note there are no 9s anywhere in the grid. Some Law of Leftovers steps will likely be encountered before the finish.

For the isodoku, just before the US Qualifier test, one of our readers here suggested I make a tutorial on some of the forced rules that come with these 3d shapes (this was after an isometric TomTom that strongly required solvers to know only 2 of each digit could appear on each face). I obviously couldn’t post such a tutorial just before the USSQT, but the properties of the 3D shapes was strongly in mind here. Often — like in the standard 2×4 rectangle form of an isodoku, or the 2012 USSQT Isodoku — there is a strong 2×2 square requirement that can split the digits into two distinct sets throughout the puzzle (see this colored solution of the 2012 for example). This year I wanted to choose a geometry that almost seems like it needs that 2×2 requirement in places, but here only three digits are highly constrained and the attempt to split the shape into patterns falls apart. Can you spot the three constrained digits and sort out where they must always go in this kind of geometry? Six particular cells are key.

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Theme: Pattern in regions and digits

Rules: Standard Sudoku rules. The regions are not 3×3 boxes but are instead irregular shapes indicated by the bold lines.

Answer String: For the USSQT, the answer strings were a set of rows/columns encountered late in the puzzle. For this week, you can just hit the solved button on an honor system if you think you’ve solved it.

Solution: PDF

PDF

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Theme: Stacked boxes

Rules: Standard Isodoku rules, using numbers 1-8.

Answer String: For the USSQT, the answer strings were a set of rows/columns encountered late in the puzzle. For this week, you can just hit the solved button on an honor system if you think you’ve solved it.

Solution: PDF

I had not intended to have a repeat author for a Sunday Surprise so soon, but Craig Kasper sent along a really nice surprise sudoku to mark the US National Championship we’ve been focusing our attention on all weekend. See if you can find your way through to the very end.

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Theme: That US national championship happening this weekend; speaking of which, congratulations to the top finishers at the US Puzzle Championship, whomever you turn out to be.

Rules: Standard Sudoku rules. Also, the regions are irregularly shaped; instead of numbers, use the letters in “I’D GOLF, MAN” once in each row, column, and region.

Answer String: Enter the letters in the third column, from top to bottom, followed by the letters in the seventh column, from top to bottom. USE CAPITAL LETTERS.

Solution: PDF

PDF

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This is a “Twisted Tuesday” puzzle variation.

Theme: Big City

Rules: Standard Sudoku rules. Also, standard Skyscrapers rules.

Answer String: Enter the 8th column from top to bottom, followed by a comma, followed by the 9th column from top to bottom.

Time Standards (highlight to view): Grandmaster = 4:00, Master = 6:30, Expert = 13:00

Solution: PDF

This past week, another doctor made the mistake of appearing here. It seems trouble follows him everywhere, as puzzle creator Craig Kasper reveals here.

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Theme: Dalek Invasion

Rules: Standard Sudoku rules except that instead of the numbers 1-9 this puzzle uses the letters in “END MATRIX”. Also, clues in the grid represent typical “Seek and Spell/Kanaore” clues; specifically, it must be possible to read each of the words/phrases listed below the grid by starting at the indicated number, moving one cell in the direction indicated by the arrow, and then continuing to move one cell at a time up, down, left, or right to complete the word/phrase. No cell may be used more than once in a single path, but the same cell can appear in the paths of different words/phrases.

Answer String: Enter the 2nd row from left to right, followed by a comma, followed by the 6th row from left to right. Use all capital letters.

Solution: PDF

PDF

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This is a “Twisted Tuesday” puzzle variation.

Theme: Doctor Sudo-Who?

Rules: Standard Sudoku rules except that instead of the numbers 1-9 this puzzle uses the letters in “WORD BATCH”. Also, clues in the grid represent typical “Seek and Spell/Kanaore” clues; specifically, it must be possible to read each of the words/phrases listed below the grid by starting at the indicated number, moving one cell in the direction indicated by the arrow, and then continuing to move one cell at a time up, down, left, or right to complete the word/phrase. No cell may be used more than once in a single path, but the same cell can appear in the paths of different words/phrases.

Answer String: Enter the 1st column from top to bottom, followed by a comma, followed by the 5th column from top to bottom. Use all capital letters.

Time Standards (highlight to view): Grandmaster = 5:00, Master = 7:00, Expert = 14:00

Solution: PDF